Políticas desenvolvimentistas e mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu: capturas contemporâneas / Developmentalist policies and babassu coconut-breaking women: contemporary catches / Políticas desarrollistas y las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu: capturas contemporáneas

Este estudo propõe analisar as relações e os processos de subjetivação de mulheres quebradeiras de coco babaçu decorrentes das intervenções de políticas desenvolvimentistas em seus territórios de vida e reverberações no Movimento Interestadual de Quebradeiras de Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Sob a perspectiva ético-estético-política da Cartografia, acompanhamos as narrativas das histórias de vida de 24 mulheres, suas atividades cotidianas e eventos do MIQCB, também analisamos os documentos das políticas. Entendemos que, ao passo que tais políticas de desenvolvimento rural contribuem para a melhoria das condições de vida, em termos materiais e simbólicos, elas também produzem ressonâncias relacionadas ao modo de subjetivação do tipo "empresário de si", que agenciam seus modos de viver, de produzir e de se relacionar consigo e com os outros na lógica capitalista neoliberal. A resistência às capturas neoliberais também estão presentes ao ampliarem as mobilizações coletivas do próprio movimento, articulando com outros na produção de um "comum".(AU)

This study proposes to analyze the relations and the processes of subjectivation of babassu coconut-breaker women arising from developmental policy interventions in their territories of life and reverberations in the Babassu Coconut-breaker Interstate Movement (MIQCB). From the ethical-aesthetic-political perspective of Cartography, we followed the narratives of the life stories of 24 women, their daily activities and promoted events by MIQCB, we also analyzed the policy documents. We understand that while these policies of rural development contribute to improve the living conditions, in material and symbolic terms, they also produce resonances related to the "self-entrepreneur" mode of subjectivation, which has been handling their ways of living, producing, and relating to themselves and others in the neoliberal capitalist logic. Resistance to neoliberal captures is also present as they expand the collective mobilizations of the movement itself, articulating with others, in the production of a "common."(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de subjetivación de las mujeres que rompen coco babaçu que surgen de las intervenciones de las políticas de desarrollo en sus territorios de vida y las reverberaciones en el Movimiento Interestadual de las Mujeres que Rompen Coco Babaçu (MIQCB). Desde la perspectiva ético-estético-política de la Cartografía, seguimos las narraciones de las historias de vida de 24 mujeres, sus actividades diarias y eventos del MIQCB, y también analizamos los documentos de las políticas. Si bien estas políticas han contribuido a mejorar las condiciones de vida de las mujeres, en términos materiales y simbólicos, también han producido resonancias del modo de subjetivación "autoempresarial", que ha agenciado sus formas de vivir, producir y relacionarse consigo mismas y con los demás en la lógica capitalista neoliberal. La resistencia a las capturas neoliberales también está presente cuando amplían las movilizaciones colectivas del propio movimiento, articulándose con otros en la producción de un "común".(AU)

Benefits of water intake on kidney function in older adults: protocol for a randomized controlled trial / Benefícios da ingestão de água na função renal de idosos: protocolo para um estudo clínico randomizado controlado

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the benefits of an increase in water intake guided by a mathematical formula (per kg of body weight) on kidney function in older adults. Methods: Older adults (≥ 65 years old) cared for at the Internal Medicine Unit of a tertiary hospital will be randomized to receive or not guidance on water intake (30 mL/kg per day) after initial assessment of kidney function. After 14 days, participants will be reevaluated through clinical and laboratory examinations. Patients with uncompensated disease will be excluded. The main outcomes will be glomerular filtration rate and laboratory measures such as serum and urinary osmolality, sodium, urea, 24-h urine volume and serum creatinine, uric acid, and copeptin. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire will be applied to participants at each visit. Categorical variables will be described as numbers of cases (%) and compared using the χ2 test whereas continuous variables will be analyzed with Student's t-test in relation to baseline measures. The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method will be performed to assess differences over time and between groups. This study was approved by the Institution's Research Ethics Committee (grant number 16-0153) and is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Expected Results:By increasing water intake (ml/Kg) we expect to provide an improvement in kidney function in older population assessed by serum creatinine and cystatin-c applied to eGFR formulas. Relevance:Many conditions, both organic and behavioral, can contribute to chronic dehydration states in older adults. To mention, decreased ability to concentrate urine, reduced kidney mass, blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) along with changes in sensitivity to hormones such as renin, vasopressin and natriuretic peptide can generate water imbalance, leading to dehydration. For being simple and inexpensive, this strategy may be broadly used and bring several health benefits to older adults.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os benefícios de um aumento da ingestão de água guiado por uma fórmula matemática (por kg de massa corporal) na função renal de idosos. Metodologia:Idosos (≥ 65 anos) atendidos pelo Serviço de Clínica Médica de um hospital terciário foram randomizados para receber ou não orientação sobre o consumo de água (30 mL/kg por dia) após uma avaliação inicial da função renal. Após 14 dias, os participantes serão reavaliados através de exames clínicos e laboratoriais. Pacientes com doença descompensada serão excluídos. Os desfechos principais são a taxa de filtração glomerular e medidas laboratoriais como osmolaridade, sódio e ureia séricos e urinários, volume de urina de 24 horas e creatinina, ácido úrico e copeptina séricos. A Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MNA) será aplicada aos participantes a cada consulta. Variáveis categóricas serão descritas como números de casos (%) e comparadas usando o teste χ2 , enquanto variáveis contínuas serão analisadas com o teste t de Student em relação às medidas iniciais. O método de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas (GEE) será usado para avaliar diferenças ao longo do tempo e entre grupos. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da nossa Instituição (processo número 16-0153) e está de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki. Resultados esperados:Ao aumentar a ingestão de água (ml/Kg) esperamos proporcionar uma melhora na função renal na população idosa avaliada pela creatinina sérica e cistatina-c aplicada às fórmulas de eGFR. Relevância:Muitas condições, tanto orgânicas quanto comportamentais, podem contribuir para estados de desidratação crônica em idosos. Vale mencionar que a diminuição da capacidade de concentração da urina, redução da massa renal, fluxo sanguíneo e taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) juntamente com alterações na sensibilidade a hormônios como renina, vasopressina e peptídeo natriurético podem gerar desequilíbrio hídrico, levando à desidratação. Por ser simples e de baixo custo, essa estratégia pode ser amplamente utilizada e trazer diversos benefícios à saúde dos idosos.

Reflection about the hemodialysis water microbiological quality in Brazil

Abstract Dialysis has been widely used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney diseases and is considered a global public health issue. This treatment, which has changed the prognosis and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure, can lead to complications that are often fatal. For this reason, there is a need for validation of alternative tests that favor the monitoring of treated water for dialysis in real-time to promote and prevent injuries to patients submitted to this procedure.

Annual report 2021: WHO Asia-Pacific Centre for Environment and Health in the Western Pacific Region

The WHO Asia-Pacific Centre for Environment and Health in the Western Pacific Region (ACE), located inSeoul, Republic of Korea, has published its Annual Report 2021. ACE aims to serve as a technical knowledge hub and a center of scientific excellence, focusing on air quality; climate change; water, sanitation and hygiene; and living environments, supplementing the work of other divisions of World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. The ACE Annual Report provides a snapshot of the activities carried out during 2021, an insight into the technical focus areas and a glossary.

Recomendaciones para medidas de salud pública ambiental durante la sequía y la conservación de agua, 11 de mayo del 2020

RECOMENDACIONES PARA EL SECTOR PÚBLICO: •Proporcionar acceso universal a las estaciones públicas de higiene de manos, con indicaciones precisas para su uso correcto. •Garantizar el suministro continuo de agua segura en las instalaciones de salud. •Asegurar que las instalaciones de atención a largo plazo y los espacios comunitarios cerrados tengan un suministro continuo de agua segura. •Asegurar el acceso de agua segura a no más de 500 metros de la residencia. •Abogar para el acceso continuo de agua segura para toda la población. •Instalar tanques de almacenamiento temporales en áreas desatendidas y donde haya un servicio interrumpido, con niveles de cloro residual de 0,5 mg/L. •Asegurar que los tanques de agua y los camiones cisterna tengan un nivel de cloro residual de 0,5-1 mg/L. •Asegurar que el nivel de cloro residual en todo el sistema de suministro y en el punto de uso es de 0,5 mg/L. •Fortalecer las acciones de vigilancia de la calidad del agua, especialmente en las zonas más afectadas. •Promover el almacenamiento seguro de agua en los hogares, como tanques elevados con tapas y grifos. •Promover tecnologías de bajo costo para garantizar la calidad del agua, como los filtros de agua domésticos. •Realizar la coordinación del sector salud, con el sector de agua y otros sectores relevantes para definir e implementar las intervenciones. •Abogar por la participación intersectorial (por ejemplo, sector del agua, agricultura) en los comités de emergencia y desastre de los paises. •Reparar las tuberías con fugas. •Establecer una prohibición sobre el uso de mangueras. • Recomendar el uso de sistemas de inodoros de bajo flujo (por diseño o modernizados) en áreas propensas a la sequía. •Realizar intervenciones de prevención que hayan demostrado ser efectivas contra el SARS-COV-2.

Respostas musculoesqueléticas e cardiorrespiratórias do Deep Water Running em obesos: revisão de literatura / Deep Water Running Musculoskeletic and Cardiorrespiratory Responses in Obese: Review

O Deep Water Running (DWR) é um método bastante difundido para o condicionamento cardiovascular e reabilitação em atletas. Contudo, nos últimos anos, foram realizadas investigações científicas sobre o DWR em populações especiais. Porém, ainda existem poucas evidências sobre as respostas musculoesqueléticas e cardiorrespiratórias em indivíduos obesos. O objetivo foi realizar um estudo de revisão sistemática de literatura referente às respostas musculoesqueléticas e cardiorrespiratórias, mediante ao treinamento em água funda em obesos. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura de 2009 a 2019, por meio de levantamento de artigos científicos nas bases de dados eletrônica PubMed, e Scielo. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: aquatic, deep water running, water-based, head-out aquatic, physical activity, obesity, overweight, também foram aplicados os operadores boleanos "and" e "OR". Foram encontrados 11 estudos de ensaios clínicos, cujos temas estavam relacionados com as variáveis de interesse do presente estudo. Baseado na literatura científica selecionada, conclui-se que a técnica de DWR é uma estratégia de treinamento e reabilitação física extremamente indicada para potencializar a força e resistência muscular, melhorar a capacidade funcional, cardiorrespiratória e qualidade de vida em obesos.

Deep Water Running (DWR) is a widely used method for cardiovascular conditioning and rehabilitation in athletes. Although, in recent years, scientific investigations have been conducted on DWR in special populations. However, there is still little evidence on musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory responses in obese individuals.The objective was to perform a systematic review on musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory responses, through deep water running in obese patients. It is a systematic reviewfrom 2009 to 2019, by means of a survey of scientific articles in the electronic databases PubMed, and Scielo. The following keywords were used: aquatic, deep water running, water-based, head-out aquatic, physical activity, obesity, overweight, and boolean operators "and" and "OR". Were found 11 clinical trial studies, whose themes were related to the variables of interest of the present study. Based on the selected scientific literature, it is concluded that the DWR technique is a strategy of training and physical rehabilitation extremely indicated to potentiate muscular strength and endurance, improve functional capacity, cardiorespiratory capacity and quality of life in obese patients.

Secondary transmission of cryptosporidiosis associated with well water consumption: two case studies

Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis is a very prominent disease in the field of public health, and usually causes diarrhea. We describe two immunocompetent patients who presented with chronic diarrhea that was ultimately found to be caused by continuous exposure to well water contaminated with the microbial cysts (oocysts) of the Cryptosporidium spp parasite. We describe the patients' histories and possible explanations for their prolonged symptoms.

Effect of three months of periodized hydrogymnastics exercise program on urinary concentration of deoxypyridinoline in older women

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of three months of periodized hydrogymnastics exercise program on urinary concentration of deoxypyridinoline in older women. Subjects and methods Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned in two, intervention group (n = 16) and control group (n = 10). The intervention group followed 12-week of periodized hydrogymnastics training program five times a week, 50 minutes of water exercise with work heart rate reserve of 40-50% (1-6thweek) increasing the load to 50-60% (7-12th week); the control group was not involved in exercise and remained sedentary. The urinary concentration of deoxypyridinoline was evaluated by high resolution liquid chromatography using the reactive immulite pyrilinks-D siemens medical solutions, pretest at the baseline and at the end post-test of the 12-week of water-exercise. As statistical analyses mixed 2 x 2 ANOVA was used, also percentage changes (Δ %) was calculated. Results The results did not show significant improvement (p < 0.05) comparing the interaction intergroup and the measurements of urinary concentration of deoxypyridinoline (p = 0.504), percentage change (Δ %) showed positive improvements in the experimental group of -13.7 (nM/mMcreatine) in comparison with -7.1 (nM/mMcreatine) from the control group. Conclusion The present study involves periodization increasing the load heart rate reserve of hydrogymnastics exercise in order to produce grater adaptations, but the results showed than is not possible to infer that hydrogymnastics is effective in increase urinary concentration of deoxypyridinoline in older women, will be appropriated in the future more studies to better clarify the possibilities of improvements between hydrogymnastics and urinary concentration of deoxypyridinoline. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(6):523-7.

Adecuación en diálisis peritoneal pediátrica: Del test de equilibrio peritoneal a las aquaporinas / Peritoneal dialysis adequacy in pediatrics: From the peritoneal equilibration test to the aquaporins

La evaluación de las características de transporte de solutos y agua del peritoneo es esencial para adecuar la prescripción dialítica en pacientes portadores de enfermedad renal crónica. Existen una serie de modelos para realizar esta evaluación. El test de equilibrio peritoneal (PET) evalúa la capacidad de transporte del peritoneo clasificando a los pacientes en 4 categorías de transportador: alto, promedio alto, promedio bajo y bajo. El short PET realiza la misma evaluación en solo 2 h, y ha sido validado en pacientes pediátricos. Por otro lado, el MiniPET otorga información adicional al evaluar la capacidad de transporte de agua libre por los poros ultrapequeños, y el Accelerated Peritoneal Examination Time (APEX) evalúa el punto de intersección de las curvas de equilibrio de urea y glucosa, y ha sido propuesto como el tiempo de permanencia óptimo para lograr una UF adecuada. Se analiza la información actual sobre estos métodos diagnósticos, en particular los últimos aportes de la literatura respecto al transporte de agua libre vía aquaporinas, que podrían representar una herramienta importante para optimizar el transporte de agua y solutos en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal crónica, en particular respecto al pronóstico cardiovascular.

An evaluation of the characteristics of peritoneal solute and water transport is essential to assess the suitability of prescribing dialysis in patients suffering from chronic renal disease. There are currently a series of models to perform this evaluation. The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) evaluates the peritoneal transport capacity, classifying the patients into four transport categories: high, high-average, low-average, and low. The short PET enables the same evaluation to be made in only 2 hours, and has been validated in paediatric patients. On the other hand, the MiniPET provides additional information by evaluating the free water transport capacity by the ultra-small pores, and the Accelerated Peritoneal Examination Time (APEX) evaluates the time when the glucose and urea equilibration curves cross, and has been proposed as the optimum dwell time to achieve adequate ultrafiltration. An analysis is presented on the current information on these diagnostic methods as regards free water transport via aquaporins, which could be an important tool in optimising solute and water transport in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis, particularly as regards the cardiovascular prognosis.

Health inequalities by gradients of access to water and sanitation between countries in the Americas, 1990 and 2010 / Gradientes de acceso a agua y saneamiento y desigualdades en salud entre los países de la Región de las Américas, 1990 y 2010

Objective. To explore distributional inequality of key health outcomes as determined by access coverage to water and sanitation (WS) between countries in the Region of the Americas. Methods. An ecological study was designed to explore the magnitude and change-over-time of standard gap and gradient metrics of environmental inequalities in health at the country level in 1990 and 2010 among the 35 countries of the Americas. Access to drinking water and access to improved sanitation facilities were selected as equity stratifies. Five dependent variables were: total and healthy life expectancies at birth, and infant, under-5, and maternal mortality. Results. Access to WS correlated with survival and mortality, and strong gradients were seen in both 1990 and 2010. Higher WS access corresponded to higher life expectancy and healthy life expectancy and lower infant, under-5, and maternal mortality risks. Burden of life lost was unequally distributed, steadily concentrated among the most environmentally disadvantaged, who carried up to twice the burden than they would if WS were fairly distributed. Population averages in life expectancy and specific mortality improved, but whereas absolute inequalities decreased, relative inequalities remained mostly invariant. Conclusions. Even with the Region on track to meet MDG 7 on water and sanitation, large environmental gradients and health inequities among countries remain hidden by Regional averages. As the post-2015 development agenda unfolds, policies and actions focused on health equity—mainly on the most socially and environmentally deprived—will be needed in order to secure the right for universal access to water and sanitation.

Objetivo. Explorar la desigualdad distributiva de resultados clave en salud determinada por la cobertura de acceso a agua y saneamiento (AS) entre países en la Región de las Américas. Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio ecológico para explorar la magnitud y el cambio en el tiempo de métricas estándar de brecha y gradiente de desigualdades ambientales en salud a nivel país en 1990 y 2010 entre los 35 países de las Américas. El acceso a agua potable y el acceso a instalaciones sanitarias mejoradas fueron seleccionados como estratificadores de equidad. Las cinco variables dependientes fueron: expectativa de vida al nacer total y saludable, mortalidad infantil, en menores de cinco años y materna. Resultados. El acceso a AS se correlacionó con la supervivencia y mortalidad y se observaron intensos gradientes tanto en 1990 como en 2010. Un acceso a AS más alto se correspondió con más alta expectativa de vida al nacer total y saludable y con más bajos riesgos de muerte infantil, en menores de 5 años y materna. La carga de vida perdida se distribuyó inequitativamente, concentrándose de manera sostenida entre los más desaventajados ambientalmente, quienes acarrearon hasta dos veces la carga que hubieran acarreado si el acceso a AS hubiese estado equitativamente distribuido. Los promedios poblacionales en la expectativa de vida y la mortalidad específica mejoraron pero, mientras que las desigualdades absolutas se redujeron, las desigualdades relativas se mantuvieron esencialmente invariantes. Conclusiones. Aún cuando la Región está en curso para alcanzar el ODM 7 sobre agua y saneamiento, los promedios regionales siguen ocultando grandes gradients ambientales y desigualdades en salud entre países. A medida que se despliega la agenda de desarrollo post-2015, serán necesarias políticas y acciones orientadas a la equidad en salud —principalmente hacia aquellos con mayor privación social y ambiental— a fin de asegurar el derecho por el acceso universal al agua y saneamiento.

Hidroarsenicismo crónico regional endémico en Argentina / Chronicendemic regional hydroarsenicism in Argentina

La contaminación natural del agua de consumo humano con Arsénico (As) en Argentina tiene más de 100 años de antigüedad y aún no ha sido solucionada. Numerosos trabajos científicos ponen de manifiesto que el problema del As afecta en Argentina alrededor de cuatro millones de personas. El HACRE (hidroarsenicismo crónico regional endémico), patología provocada por la ingesta crónica de As en el agua y los alimentos, provoca afecciones de piel (leucodermia y/o queratosis), cáncer de piel, pulmón, vejiga, riñón, entre otros, alteraciones en el desarrollo, afecciones cardiovasculares, neurotoxicidad y diabetes. Dada la importancia del tema se señalan los avances en el conocimiento científico sobre el As en Argentina, especialmente en los últimos años. Se desarrollan diversos aspectos como los niveles actuales de As en aguas en el país y la contaminación de alimentos por la utilización de estas aguas. En población de Argentina, se evalúan biomarcadores de exposición, el perfil metabólico, biomarcadores y polimorfismos genéticos implicados en la susceptibilidad a la toxicidad del arsénico, biomarcadores de efecto, genotoxicidad, y evaluaciones del riesgo carcinógeno, relacionadas con la exposición al As. La evidencia recopilada en esta actualización no deja dudas sobre la gravedad del problema y del riesgo a la salud por la exposición crónica al As para una gran parte de los habitantes del país...

Difusión masiva de reportes situacionales sobre dengue: efectos de la intervención en Guadalajara de Buga, Colombia / Mass communication of dengue surveillance data: effect of an intervention in Guadalajara de Buga, Colombia

Introducción. La retroalimentación a las comunidades de la situación de dengue en su localidad, podría ser útil para mantener la motivación para su participación en el control del dengue y disminuir los índices entomológicos de Aedes . Objetivos. Evaluar la cobertura y el alcance de una intervención basada en la difusión masiva de reportes situacionales sobre el dengue y su efecto en la presencia de criaderos intradomiciliarios de Aedes spp. en Guadalajara de Buga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional de corte transversal en 1.426 viviendas, para establecer la presencia de criaderos intradomiciliarios y caracterizar la exposición a la intervención. El efecto de la intervención se evaluó en un estudio de casos y controles. Los casos obedecieron al total de viviendas con criaderos positivos y, entre las viviendas sin criaderos positivos ubicadas en la misma manzana del caso, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente cuatro controles por caso. Resultados. El índice de viviendas positivas fue de 2,5 %. La cobertura fue del 59,4 % y el alcance del 22,3 %. El contacto con la intervención no se asoció con la ausencia de criaderos intradomiciliarios positivos. La presencia de matas con agua o floreros se asoció con criaderos positivos (p=0,01) y el uso de anjeos se consideró como factor protector (p=0,02). Conclusiones. Aunque la cobertura de la intervención fue adecuada, no se observó que tuviera efecto sobre la ausencia de criaderos intradomiciliarios positivos. Por lo tanto, se requiere la evaluación de la intervención en términos de su fidelidad, diseño y proceso de implementación.

Introduction: Maintaining communities abreast of their local dengue situation could help to keep them motivated to participate in dengue control and to decrease Aedes entomological indexes. Objectives: To evaluate the coverage and reach of an intervention based on mass-media communication of dengue surveillance reports and its effect on the presence of intra-domiciliary breeding sites for Aedes in Guadalajara de Buga, Colombia. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,426 households to identify the intra-domiciliary breeding sites and to characterize the intervention exposure. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, a case-control study was performed. All households with positive breeding sites were considered as cases. Four controls per case were randomly selected among the non-positive breeding site households located on the same block of the case. Results: The positive house index was 2.5%; coverage was 59.4% and reach was 22.3%. There was no association between the intervention and the presence of intra-domiciliary breeding sites. The presence of water plants and flower pots were associated to positive breeding sites (p=0.01) and the use of screens was associated to the absence of breeding sites (p=0.02). Conclusions: Although intervention coverage was adequate, the lack of association between the intervention and the absence of positive breeding sites requires assessing its fidelity, factors related to the design, and the implementation process.

Gastric emptying of water in children with severe functional fecal retention

The objective of this study was to evaluate gastric emptying (GE) in pediatric patients with functional constipation. GE delay has been reported in adults with functional constipation. Gastric emptying studies were performed in 22 children with chronic constipation, fecal retention and fecal incontinence, while presenting fecal retention and after resuming regular bowel movements. Patients (18 boys, median age: 10 years; range: 7.2 to 12.7 years) were evaluated in a tertiary pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Gastric half-emptying time of water (reference range: 12 ± 3 min) was measured using a radionuclide technique immediately after first patient evaluation, when they presented fecal impaction (GE1), and when they achieved regular bowel movements (GE2), 12 ± 5 weeks after GE1. At study admission, 21 patients had reported dyspeptic symptoms, which were completely relieved after resuming regular bowel movements. Medians (and interquartile ranges) for GE1 and GE2 were not significantly different [27.0 (16) and 27.5 (21) min, respectively (P = 0.10)]. Delayed GE seems to be a common feature among children with chronic constipation and fecal retention. Resuming satisfactory bowel function and improvement in dyspeptic symptoms did not result in normalization of GE data.

Aptidão física funcional de idosos praticantes de hidroginástica / Functional fitness of ederly practicing aquagym

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aptidão física funcional de idosos praticantes de hidroginástica. A amostra foi constituída por 18 mulheres idosas, com idade média de 65,5±5,84 praticantes das aulas de hidroginástica do Centro de Excelência em Atividade Física - CEAF. A aptidão física foi avaliada através da bateria de testes de Rikli e Jones (1999), adaptados por Morrow Jr. (2003), com avaliação de força de membros inferiores, força de membros superiores, flexibilidade dos membros inferiores, mobilidade física (potência, velocidade, agilidade e equilíbrio), flexibilidade dos membros superiores, resistência aeróbia e índice de massa corporal. Os resultados demonstram que os avaliados atingiram bons níveis de aptidão física nos testes de força de membros superior, flexibilidade de membros inferiores e mobilidade física. Já nos testes de força de membro inferior, capacidade aeróbia e flexibilidade de membros superiores, os níveis de aptidão física foram baixos. Sessenta e cinco por cento da amostra apresentaram excesso de peso e obtiveram resultados inferiores na maioria dos testes de aptidão física funcional. Conclui-se que os idosos praticantes de aulas de hidroginástica não apresentaram boa aptidão física funcional geral, principalmente nos níveis de força muscular de membro inferior, desempenho cardiorrespiratório e flexibilidade. Faz-se necessário reavaliar as aulas de hidroginástica, com o objetivo de aumentar gradualmente seu volume e intensidade, para alcançar melhora progressiva das capacidades físicas funcionais da população idosa.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas comunitarias en un brote de Dengue en un municipio de Colombia, 2010 / Knowledge, attitudes and community practice during an outbreak of dengue in a town in Colombia, 2010

Objetivo Entre las semanas epidemiológicas 5-6/12-13/2010, se notificaron 17 casos de dengue provenientes del municipio El-Playón (7°28'15"-N/73°12'00"-W/510msnm). El 16/04/2010 después del Comité de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, la Secretaría de Salud de Santander decidió realizar la investigación y determinar los conocimientos-actitudes-prácticas (CAP) comunitarias frente al brote para fortalecer acciones municipales de promoción-prevención-control del Aedes aegypti. Métodos Estudio descriptivo de investigación de brote: a. Búsqueda activa de casos con cuadro clínico de dengue, según definición del protocolo; b. Encuesta entomológica; y, c. Encuesta CAP a 47 personas seleccionadas con muestreo aleatorio-simple. Sistematización/análisis con Epi-Info-3.5.1®, medidas de frecuencia-tendencia central-razón de masculinidad (RM); índices de: vivienda aegypti (IVAe)-depósitos (Idp)-Breteau (IB). Resultados a) Registros Individuales de Prestadores de Servicios con diagnósticos diferenciales para dengue 67/4 774; notificados 24(75 por ciento municipio/25 por ciento departamento); mujeres 15(63 por ciento), hombres 9(38 por ciento); urbanos 20(83 por ciento), rurales 4(17 por ciento). Tasa de ataque/incidencia acumulada: inicial=0,3 por ciento(17/6 303), final=0,4 por ciento(24/6 303), RM=1:5; b) Depósitos inspeccionados 142; positividad/tipo de criadero: tanques-bajos=8,7 por ciento(4/46), llantas=8,3 por ciento(1/12), diversos=4,4 por ciento(2/45) y plantas=2,9 por ciento(1/34); IVAe=5 por ciento, Idp=6 por ciento, IB=17 por ciento; determinación taxonómica 15 por ciento(7/47); c) Encuesta-CAP, mujeres 36(77 por ciento), hombres 11(23 por ciento); conocían el dengue/signos/síntomas 44(94 por ciento); eliminó criaderos 32(68 por ciento); consultó por dengue 3(6 por ciento); opinó "todos somos responsables del control" 25(53 por ciento). Conclusiones Se evidenció una comunidad conocedora de factores de riesgo y consciente de su responsabilidad para el control del vector. Se propone promover la participación comunitaria en función del ecosistema como herramienta para controlar el mosquito y la transmisión del dengue.

Objective 17 cases of dengue were reported from the town of El Playón (7°28'15"-N/73°12'00"-W/altitude 510 masl) during epidemiological study weeks 5-6 and 12-13/2010. The Santander Department's Health Secretariat sought outbreak investigation and community knowledge-attitudes-practice (KAP) assessment on 16-4-2010 concerning a dengue fever outbreak in the town after an epidemiological surveillance committee had met; this was to strengthen local action regarding Aedes aegypti vector promotion-prevention-control. Methods This was a descriptive outbreak investigation study using an active search for cases having clinical manifestations of dengue according to protocol definitions, an entomological survey and a KAP survey of 47 people selected by simple-random-sampling. Data was systematised and analysed using Epi-INFO (3.5.1) with measures of central tendency-male ratio, in-house Aegypti (IA), water-storage (WI) and Breatau (BI) indexes. Results 4,774 clinical records were examined. There were 67 records compatible with dengue, 24 cases were notified (75 percent town-25 percent department), 15 (63 percent) being women and 9 (38 percent) men. 20 (83 percent) cases occurred in the urban area and 4 (17 percent) in rural areas. Attack rate/cumulated incidence: initial=0.3 percent (17/6 303), final=0.4 percent (24/6 303), male ratio=1.5. 47 houses and 142 water-storage items proved positive: low water-stores=8.7 percent(4/46), rubber tyres=8.3 percent(1/12), others=4.4 percent(2/45), plants=2.9 percent(1/34). IA=5 percent, WI=6 percent, BI=17 percent, taxonomy confirmed=15 percent(7/47). 47 KAP, 36 (77 percent) women, 11 (23 percent) men; knowledge on disease, symptoms and signs 44 (94 percent), eliminating larvae deposits 32(68 percent), asked about dengue 3(6 percent), informed about responsibilities related to control 25(53 percent). Conclusions: The local community knows about risk factors and is aware of its responsibility regarding vector control. Community participation should be promoted using the ecosystem as a strategy for mosquito and dengue transmission control.